> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.risingwave.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# SQL commands

> Overview of the SQL commands supported by RisingWave.

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="ALTER CONNECTION" icon="link" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-connection">
    Modify the properties of a connection.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES" icon="user-check" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-default-privileges">
    Set privileges for objects created in the future.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER DATABASE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-database">
    Modify the properties of a database.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER FRAGMENT" icon="sliders" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-fragment">
    Modify the properties of streaming fragments.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER FUNCTION" icon="function" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-function">
    Modify the properties of a function.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER INDEX" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-index">
    Modify the properties of an index.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-materialized-view">
    Modify the properties of a materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SCHEMA" icon="diagram-project" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-schema">
    Modify the properties of a schema.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SINK" icon="sink" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-sink">
    Modify the properties of a sink.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SOURCE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-source">
    Modify the properties of a source.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SUBSCRIPTION" icon="circle-check" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-subscription">
    Modify the properties of a subscription.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SWAP" icon="text-slash" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-swap">
    Modify the names between two database objects.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER SYSTEM" icon="gear" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-system">
    Modify a server configuration parameter.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER TABLE" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-table">
    Modify the properties of a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER USER" icon="user" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-user">
    Modify the properties of a user.
  </Card>

  <Card title="ALTER VIEW" icon="eye" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-alter-view">
    Modify the properties of a view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="AS CHANGELOG" icon="clock-rotate-left" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-as-changelog">
    Convert stream into an append-only changelog.
  </Card>

  <Card title="BEGIN" icon="play" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-begin">
    Start a transaction.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CANCEL JOBS" icon="stop" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-cancel-jobs">
    Cancel specific streaming jobs.
  </Card>

  <Card title="COMMENT ON" icon="comment" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-comment-on">
    Add comments on tables or columns.
  </Card>

  <Card title="COMMIT" icon="check" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-commit">
    Commit the current transaction.
  </Card>

  <Card title="COPY" icon="copy" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-copy">
    Export query results to standard output.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE AGGREGATE" icon="calculator" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-aggregate">
    Create a user-defined aggregate function.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE CONNECTION" icon="plug" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-connection">
    Create a connection between VPCs.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE DATABASE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-database">
    Create a new database.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE FUNCTION" icon="code" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-function">
    Create a user-defined function.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE INDEX" icon="list-ol" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-index">
    Create an index on a column of a table or a materialized view to speed up data retrieval.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-mv">
    Create a materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE SCHEMA" icon="folder-tree" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-schema">
    Create a new schema.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE SECRET" icon="key" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-secret">
    Create a secret to store credentials.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE SINK INTO" icon="arrow-right-to-bracket" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-sink-into">
    Create a sink into RisingWave's table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE SINK" icon="arrow-right-from-bracket" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-sink">
    Create a sink.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE SOURCE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-source">
    Supported data sources and how to connect RisingWave to the sources.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE TABLE" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-table">
    Create a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE USER" icon="user-plus" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-user">
    Create a new user account.
  </Card>

  <Card title="CREATE VIEW" icon="eye" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-create-view">
    Create a non-materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DELETE" icon="trash" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-delete">
    Remove rows from a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DESCRIBE" icon="circle-info" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-describe">
    Get information about the columns in a table, source, sink, view, or materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DISCARD" icon="broom" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-discard">
    Discard session state.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP AGGREGATE" icon="calculator" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-aggregate">
    Drop a user-defined aggregate function.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP CONNECTION" icon="link-slash" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-connection">
    Remove a connection.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP DATABASE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-database">
    Remove a database.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP FUNCTION" icon="code" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-function">
    Drop a user-defined function.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP INDEX" icon="list-ol" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-index">
    Remove an index.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-mv">
    Remove a materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP SCHEMA" icon="folder" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-schema">
    Remove a schema.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP SECRET" icon="key" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-secret">
    Drop a secret.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP SINK" icon="arrow-right-from-bracket" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-sink">
    Remove a sink.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP SOURCE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-source">
    Remove a source.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP TABLE" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-table">
    Remove a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP USER" icon="user-minus" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-user">
    Remove a user.
  </Card>

  <Card title="DROP VIEW" icon="eye-slash" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-drop-view">
    Drop a view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="EXPLAIN" icon="magnifying-glass-chart" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-explain">
    Show the execution plan of a statement.
  </Card>

  <Card title="EXPLAIN ANALYZE" icon="magnifying-glass-plus" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-explain-analyze">
    Analyze the actual runtime performance of a streaming job.
  </Card>

  <Card title="FLUSH" icon="floppy-disk" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-flush">
    Commit pending data changes and persist updated data to storage.
  </Card>

  <Card title="GRANT" icon="key" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-grant">
    Grant a user privileges.
  </Card>

  <Card title="INSERT" icon="plus" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-insert">
    Insert new rows of data into a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="RECOVER" icon="rotate" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-recover">
    Trigger recovery manually.
  </Card>

  <Card title="REFRESH TABLE" icon="rotate-right" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-refresh-table">
    Trigger a refresh operation for tables manually.
  </Card>

  <Card title="REVOKE" icon="ban" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-revoke">
    Revoke privileges from a user.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SELECT" icon="table-list" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-select">
    Retrieve data from a table or a materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SET BACKGROUND_DDL" icon="gears" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-set-background-ddl">
    Run Data Definition Language (DDL) operations in the background.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SET DML_WAIT_PERSISTENCE" icon="hourglass-half" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-set-dml-wait-persistence">
    Make DML statements wait for checkpoint persistence before returning.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH" icon="floppy-disk" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-set-rw-implicit-flush">
    Enable or disable implicit flushes after batch operations.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SET TIME ZONE" icon="clock" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-set-time-zone">
    Set time zone.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SET" icon="sliders" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-set">
    Change a run-time parameter.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CLUSTER" icon="server" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-cluster">
    Show the details of your RisingWave cluster.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW COLUMNS" icon="table-columns" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-columns">
    Show columns in a table, source, sink, view or materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CONNECTIONS" icon="network-wired" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-connections">
    Show existing connections.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE INDEX" icon="list-ol" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-index">
    Show the query used to create the specified index.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-mv">
    Show the query used to create the specified materialized view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE SINK" icon="arrow-right-from-bracket" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-sink">
    Show the query used to create the specified sink.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE SOURCE" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-source">
    Show the query used to create the specified source.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE TABLE" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-table">
    Show the query used to create the specified table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CREATE VIEW" icon="eye" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-create-view">
    Show the query used to create the specified view.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW CURSORS" icon="arrow-pointer" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-cursors">
    Show all cursors in the current session.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW DATABASES" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-databases">
    Show existing databases.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW FUNCTIONS" icon="code" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-functions">
    Show all user-defined functions.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW INDEXES" icon="list-ol" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-indexes">
    Show existing indexes from a particular table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW INTERNAL TABLES" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-internal-tables">
    Show internal tables to learn about the existing internal states.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW JOBS" icon="bars-progress" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-jobs">
    Show all streaming jobs.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-mv">
    Show existing materialized views.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW PARAMETERS" icon="sliders" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-parameters">
    Show the details of the system parameters.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW PROCESSLIST" icon="list" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-processlist">
    Display system current workload.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SCHEMAS" icon="folder-tree" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-schemas">
    Show existing schemas.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SECRETS" icon="key" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-secrets">
    Show all secrets.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SINKS" icon="arrow-right-from-bracket" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-sinks">
    Shows all sinks.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SOURCES" icon="database" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-sources">
    Show existing sources.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SUBSCRIPTIONS" icon="bell" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-subscriptions">
    Show all subscriptions.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW SUBSCRIPTION CURSORS" icon="arrow-pointer" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-subscription-cursors">
    Show all subscription cursors in the current session.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW TABLES" icon="table" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-tables">
    Show existing tables.
  </Card>

  <Card title="SHOW VIEWS" icon="eye" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-show-views">
    Show existing views.
  </Card>

  <Card title="START TRANSACTION" icon="play" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-start-transaction">
    Start a transaction.
  </Card>

  <Card title="UPDATE" icon="pen" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-update">
    Modify existing rows in a table.
  </Card>

  <Card title="VACUUM" icon="eraser" iconType="solid" href="/sql/commands/sql-vacuum">
    Enable manual compaction and snapshot expiration.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>
