> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.risingwave.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Sink data from RisingWave to AWS S3

> This guide describes how to sink data from RisingWave to Amazon S3 sink using S3 connector in RisingWave.

[Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance.

## Syntax

```sql theme={null}
CREATE SINK [ IF NOT EXISTS ] sink_name
[FROM sink_from | AS select_query]
WITH (
   connector='s3',
   connector_parameter = 'value', ...
);
```

## Parameters

| Parameter names         | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `connector`             | **Required**. Support the S3 connector only.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| `s3.region_name`        | **Required**. The service region.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| `s3.bucket_name`        | **Required**. The name of the bucket where the sink data is stored in.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `s3.path`               | **Required**. The directory where the sink file is located.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `s3.credentials.access` | **Conditional**. Your AWS access key ID. Required if `enable_config_load` is `false` or not set.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `s3.credentials.secret` | **Conditional**. Your AWS secret access key. Required if `enable_config_load` is `false` or not set.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| `enable_config_load`    | **Optional**. Set to `true` to use the default AWS credential provider chain for authentication. This is useful for environments where credentials are provided through IAM roles or environment variables. If this is set to `true`, do not provide `s3.credentials.access` and `s3.credentials.secret`. You must also set the `DISABLE_DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL=false` environment variable on the Meta and Streaming Nodes. |
| `s3.endpoint_url`       | **Optional**. The host URL for an S3-compatible object storage server. This allows users to use a different server instead of the standard S3 server.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `s3.assume_role`        | **Optional**. Specifies the ARN of an IAM role to assume when accessing S3. It allows temporary, secure access to S3 resources without sharing long-term credentials.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `type`                  | **Required**. Defines the type of the sink. The S3 sink only supports `append-only`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `max_row_count`         | **Optional**. Maximum number of rows per output file. Defaults to `10240`. A file is finalized when this threshold **or** `rollover_seconds` is reached first.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `rollover_seconds`      | **Optional**. Maximum duration (in seconds) before the current file is finalized and a new one is started. Defaults to `10`. A file is finalized when this threshold **or** `max_row_count` is reached first.                                                                                                                                                                                                            |

<Note>
  In RisingWave Cloud, the default AWS credential provider chain is disabled. Provide `s3.credentials.access` and `s3.credentials.secret` (or use a supported assume-role setup). These credentials cannot be omitted. The `enable_config_load` option is supported only in self-hosted deployments.
</Note>

## Example

```sql theme={null}
CREATE SINK s3_sink AS SELECT v1
FROM t 
WITH (
    connector='s3',
    s3.path = '<test_path>',
    s3.region_name = '<region_name>',
    s3.bucket_name = '<bucket_name>',
    s3.credentials.access = '<access_key_id>',
    s3.credentials.secret = '<secret_access_key>',
    s3.endpoint_url = '<endpoint_url>',
    type = 'append-only',
)FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE PARQUET(force_append_only=true);
```

## Advanced topics

For more information about encode `Parquet` or `JSON`, see [Sink data in parquet or json format](/delivery/overview#sink-data-in-parquet-or-json-format).

For more information about batching strategy, see [Batching strategy for file sink](/delivery/overview#batching-strategy-for-file-sink).

### Multiple output files during backfill

When a sink is created, RisingWave performs an initial backfill of the upstream table. Because a file is finalized when either `rollover_seconds` (default: `10`) or `max_row_count` (default: `10240`) is reached, a table with more than 10,240 rows will produce **multiple output files** under the configured `s3.path`. Seeing roughly 10K rows in a single file does not mean data is missing.

To verify that all rows were delivered, list all objects under the sink path and sum their row counts:

```bash theme={null}
aws s3 ls s3://<bucket>/<path>/ --recursive
```

Adjust `max_row_count` and `rollover_seconds` when creating the sink if you need different file sizes.